Do Ceramic Materials Have A Hard Trait

Porcelain has been described as being completely vitrified hard impermeable even before glazing white or artificially coloured translucent except when of considerable thickness and resonant.

Do ceramic materials have a hard trait.

Ceramics may be crystalline or non crystalline and are strong stiff brittle chemically inert and do not conduct heat or electricity but properties vary widely. They typically possess high melting points low electrical and thermal conductivity values and high compressive strengths. They withstand chemical erosion that occurs in other materials subjected to acidic or caustic environments. Michael pfeifer in materials enabled designs 2009.

The ionic and covalent bonds of ceramics are responsible for many unique properties of these materials such as high hardness high melting points low thermal expansion and good chemical resistance but also for some undesirable characteristics foremost being brittleness which leads to fractures unless the material is toughened by reinforcing agents or by other means. Additives include a binding agent to hold the powder together after compaction and a release agent to enable a compacted component to be easily removed from the compaction die. Also they are generally hard and brittle with very good chemical and thermal stability. Ceramic materials are special because of their properties.

Ceramics are strong in compression and weak in shearing and tension which make them challenging to saw grind lap and polish.